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1.
Rev. chil. anest ; 50(1): 56-78, 2021. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512393

ABSTRACT

Perioperative hypothermia is a common complication of general anesthesia, but it can also occur in patients undergoing regional anesthesia. It signifiicantly increases perioperative morbidity and mortality. Complications such as increased incidence of surgical site infection, delayed healing, coagulation abnormalities, increased surgical bleeding, perioperative cardiac events, decreased metabolism of drugs involved in anesthesia and a great discomfort in the immediate postoperative period (due to shivering), have been identified. The decrease in the patient's core temperature is due to a combination of physiological events related to the surgical anesthetic act. These include deterioration of the effector responses of the hypothalamus (tending to conserve heat), heat distribution between the central compartment and the periphery, and net heat loss to a generally colder environment, such as the surgical ward. Hypothermia is often an undetected complication of the anesthetic act due to the lack of regular temperature monitoring. It is not considered a basic standard of care, despite the fact that in recent years new guidelines and recommendations have emerged, which suggest its implementation in all patients in whom the duration of their surgery is expected to last longer than 1 hour. The measures aimed at keeping the patient normothermic can be classified as passive, within which the simplest is to cover the patient for as long as possible during their presence in the ward, and active, which are those that transfer heat to the body, within the which the most effective is the use of convective heat blankets. It has recently been suggested that prewarming the patient before inducing anesthesia is an efficient strategy to avoid hypothermia, decreasing temperature differences between core and peripheral tissues. However, the effectiveness of this measure remain to be evaluated with prospective, randomized trials. In the context of the emergency patient, although hypothermia shows the same characteristics as in the elective patient, it becomes more relevant in three clinical settings: patient with major burns, patient in hemorrhagic shock and the polytraumatized patient. In these scenarios, keeping the patient normothermic will prevent a series of serious complications, which can strongly affect mortality.


La hipotermia perioperatoria es una complicación frecuente de la anestesia general, pero que también se puede presentar en pacientes sometidos a anestesia regional. Se relaciona con un aumento significativo de la morbilidad y mortalidad perioperatorias, donde se han identificado complicaciones como aumento de la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico, retardo de la cicatrización, alteraciones de la coagulación, aumento del sangrado quirúrgico, de los eventos cardiacos perioperatorios, disminución del metabolismo de drogas implicadas en la anestesia y sensación de gran incomodidad del paciente en el posoperatorio inmediato, por la presencia de calosfríos. La disminución de la temperatura central del paciente se debe a un combinación de eventos fisiológicos relacionados con el acto anestésico quirúrgico, con deterioro de las respuestas efectoras del hipotálamo tendientes a conservar calor, fenómenos distributivos de calor entre el compartimiento central y la periferia del propio paciente y pérdida de calor neta hacia un medio ambiente en general más frío, como lo es el pabellón quirúrgico. El hecho de que la hipotermia sea muchas veces considerada una complicación no detectada del acto anestésico, se debe a que aún la monitorización regular de la temperatura no se considera un estándar básico de cuidado, pese a que en los últimos años han surgido nuevas guías y recomendaciones, que sugieren que ésta sea implementada en todo paciente en que se proyecte una duración de la cirugía mayor a 1 hora. Las medidas tendientes a mantener al paciente normotérmico, pueden ser clasificadas en pasivas, dentro de las cuales la más simple es cubrir al paciente el mayor tiempo posible durante su presencia en pabellón y activas, que son aquellas que transfieren calor al cuerpo, dentro de las cuales la más efectiva es el uso de mantas de calor convectivo. Recientemente, se ha sugerido que una de las estrategias eficientes para evitar la HPO es el precalentamiento del paciente, que permite que sus tejidos periféricos estén a mayor temperatura al momento de inducir la anestesia, sin embargo, la efectividad de esta medida debe ser evaluada con estudios prospectivos y aleatorizados más concluyentes. La hipotermia en el contexto del paciente de urgencia, si bien presenta las mismas características que en el paciente electivo, cobra mayor relevancia en tres escenarios clínicos: el gran quemado, el paciente en hemorrágico y el paciente politraumatizado, escenarios en que mantener al paciente normotérmico, implicará evitar una serie de complicaciones graves, que pueden incidir fuertemente en la mortalidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Complications , Hypothermia/etiology , Intraoperative Complications , Anesthesia/adverse effects , Body Temperature , Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Emergencies , Heating , Hypothermia/complications , Hypothermia/therapy
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(4): 1566-1570, July-Aug. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131516

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, Mangalarga Marchador é a raça com o maior número de equinos registrados, um total de 600.000 animais. Devido à falta de estudos termográficos, este estudo buscou avaliar alterações superficiais de temperatura corporal de membros torácicos e pélvicos após o esforço de marcha, usando uma câmera termográfica com infravermelho. O estudo avaliou 25 equinos, com peso médio de 414,9±34,5kg e idade média de 6,5±3 anos. As imagens foram obtidas a cinco metros de distância perpendicular à superfície lateral e caudal do corpo, em uma sala apropriada. Os animais foram submetidos ao exercício de marcha na velocidade de 15km.h-1 por 20 minutos. As imagens foram capturadas imediatamente antes e após o esforço, e repetidas após 30 minutos de repouso. As frequências cardíaca e respiratória aumentaram significativamente (P<0,001), comparando-se antes e após o esforço. Embora tenha sido notado também aumento significativo da temperatura retal (P<0,001), as alterações de temperatura superficial dos membros torácicos e pélvicos entre os termogramas obtidos antes e após o exercício não foram significativas (P>0,05). Dessa forma, mais estudos se fazem necessários para avaliar a relação da duração desse esforço e elevação da temperatura corporal.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Pelvis , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Thorax , Body Temperature , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Horses/physiology , Thermography/veterinary
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(5): 1750-1758, set.-out. 2019. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1038659

ABSTRACT

The effects of housing lactating sows at different locations in a shed with evaporative cooling system (ECS) on their thermoregulation and reproductive and productive performance of the sow and the litter in summer were determined. 34 females were used in the three lines of cages at these locations: near the pad cooling; in the middle of the shed and near the exhaust fans. The air temperature and the temperature and humidity index (THI) were lower near the pad cooling (22.38ºC, 71.84) than the middle (24.56ºC, 74.82) and near the exhaust fans (25.00°C, 75.62). Respiratory rate, rectal and surface temperatures were lower in sows near the pad cooling (43.67 breaths.min -1 , 38.40°C; 29.51°C) than in the center (52.04 breaths.min -1 ; 38.48ºC; 32.02ºC) and near the exhaust fans (56.38 breaths.min-1, 38.93ºC; 32.52ºC). The backfat thickness, the weaning-estrus interval and daily average consumption of the sows, number of weaning piglets, corporal mass and daily average gain of the piglets were not influenced by the location of housing in the shed. Lactating sows housed in the middle and near the exhaust fans in the ECS presented increased thermoregulation physiological variables, however, this did not impair the performance.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Swine/growth & development , Temperature , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Animal Welfare/organization & administration , Heat Stress Disorders/prevention & control , Housing, Animal/organization & administration
4.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(4): 1114-1118, Jul.-Aug. 2019. graf
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1020515

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the experience of conducting directed temperature control of a post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation patient, with reduced and basic inputs available at the institution. Method: an experience report of directed temperature control in patient (age 15 years), after four hours of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an Intensive Care Unit of a hospital in São Paulo State countryside in 2016, according to the protocol suggested by the American Heart Association, in 2015. There were applications of cold compresses, plastic bags with crushed ice and rectal temperature control. Results: after eight hours, temperature had reached 93.2 ºF. Body cooling was maintained for 24 hours. However, bags with crushed ice were used in the first 6 hours. Conclusion: conduct of nurses to obtain the body cooling with reduced and basic inputs was effective during the stay at the Intensive Care Unit.


RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar la experiencia de la conducción de control dirigido de la temperatura de una paciente después de la resucitación cardiopulmonar, con insumos reducidos y básicos disponibles en la institución. Método: el informe de experiencia de control direccionado de la temperatura en paciente (edad 15 años), después de cuatro horas de resucitación cardiopulmonar en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva de un hospital del interior del estado de São Paulo, en el año 2016, conforme protocolo sugerido por la American Heart Association en 2015. Se utilizaron aplicaciones de compresas embebidas en agua helada, bolsas plásticas con hielo triturado y control de la temperatura rectal. Resultados: en ocho horas, la temperatura alcanzó los 34 ºC. El enfriamiento corporal se mantuvo durante 24 horas, sin embargo, las bolsas con hielo triturado se utilizaron en las primeras 6 horas. Conclusión: la conducta de los enfermeros para obtener el enfriamiento corporal con insumos reducidos y básicos, se mostró efectiva durante la permanencia en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva.


RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência da condução de controle direcionado da temperatura de uma paciente pós ressuscitação cardiopulmonar, com insumos reduzidos e básicos disponíveis na instituição. Método: relato de experiência de controle direcionado da temperatura em paciente (idade 15 anos) após quatro horas de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital do interior do Estado de São Paulo, no ano de 2016, conforme protocolo sugerido pela American Heart Association 2015. Utilizou-se aplicações de compressas embebidas em água gelada, sacos plásticos com gelo triturado e controle da temperatura retal. Resultados: em oito horas a temperatura atingiu 34ºC. O resfriamento corporal foi mantido por 24 horas, todavia os sacos com gelo triturado foram utilizados nas primeiras 6 horas. Conclusão: a conduta dos enfermeiros para obter o resfriamento corporal com insumos reduzidos e básicos, mostrou-se efetiva durante a permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Peritonitis/complications , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/adverse effects , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Appendicitis/surgery , Appendicitis/complications , Peritonitis/surgery , Vomiting/etiology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/standards , Fever/etiology
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 112(5): 534-542, May 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011189

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show deficit in thermal balance during physical exercise. Objective: To assess the effects of low-intensity physical exercise training on thermal balance of hypertensive rats undergoing an acute exercise protocol. Methods: Sixteen-week-old male Wistar rats and SHR were allocated into four groups: control Wistar rats (C-WIS), trained Wistar (T-WIS), control SHR (C-SHR) and trained SHR (T-SHR). Treadmill exercise training was performed for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, resting heart rate and total exercise time was measured before and after the physical exercise program. After the exercise program, a temperature sensor was implanted in the abdominal cavity, and the animals subjected to an acute exercise protocol, during which internal body temperature, tail skin temperature and oxygen consumption until fatigue were continuously recorded. Mechanical efficiency (ME), work, heat dissipation threshold and sensitivity were calculated. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: Physical training and hypertension had no effect on thermal balance during physical exercise. Compared with C-WIS, the T-WIS group showed higher heat production, which was counterbalanced by higher heat dissipation. Hypertensive rats showed lower ME than normotensive rats, which was not reversed by the physical training. Conclusion: Low-intensity physical training did not affect thermal balance in SHR subjected to acute exercise.


Resumo Fundamento: Ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) apresentam déficits no balanço térmico durante o exercício físico. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento físico de baixa intensidade sobre o balanço térmico de ratos hipertensos submetidos a um protocolo de exercício físico agudo. Métodos: Ratos machos Wistar e SHR, com 16 semanas de idade, foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais: Wistar controle (WIS-C), Wistar treinado (WIS-T), SHR controle (SHR-C) e SHR treinado (SHR-T). O treinamento físico em esteira rolante foi realizado durante 12 semanas. A pressão arterial, a frequência cardíaca de repouso e o tempo de exercício foram medidos previamente e após o programa de treinamento físico. Após o programa de treinamento físico, um sensor de temperatura foi implantado na região intraperitoneal e os ratos foram submetidos a um protocolo de exercício físico agudo com registros contínuos da temperatura corporal interna, temperatura da pele da cauda e do consumo de oxigênio até a fadiga. A eficiência mecânica (EM), o trabalho, o limiar e a sensibilidade para dissipação de calor foram calculados. Para as análises estatísticas o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: O treinamento físico e a hipertensão arterial não alteraram o balanço térmico durante o exercício físico. O grupo WIS-T quando comparado ao WIS-C, apresentou maior produção de calor, que foi contrabalanceado por uma maior dissipação de calor. Os animais hipertensos apresentaram menor EM em comparação aos animais normotensos, e o treinamento físico não foi capaz de reverter esta alteração. Conclusão: O treinamento físico de baixa intensidade não provocou alterações no balanço térmico de ratos hipertensos submetidos a um protocolo de exercício físico agudo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Rats, Inbred SHR , Blood Pressure/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Heart Rate/physiology
6.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 27: e3103, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-978631

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the efficacy of three active heating methods in the prevention of intraoperative hypothermia in open gastroenterological surgeries. Method: randomized clinical trial with a sample of 75 patients, whose initial body temperature measured by a tympanic thermometer. Esophageal temperature <36ºC was considered hypothermic. Patients were divided into three groups using: thermal mattress, underbody forced-air warming blanket and heated infusion system. The tympanic and esophageal temperatures were measured at different times of the intraoperative period, but the temperature considered gold standard was the esophageal. To evaluate the homogeneity of the groups, we used chi-square test (categorical variables). In the comparison of temperature measurements over time, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the contrast profile test were used for the difference in temperature between the times. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the three groups. The level of significance was 5%. Results: regarding the studied variables, the groups were not homogeneous as to the categorical variable sex. All patients presented hypothermia during the intraoperative period (p> 0.05). Conclusion: there was no significant difference between the heating methods in the prevention of intraoperative hypothermia. REBEC - Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR- no. 52shjp).


RESUMO Objetivo: comparar a eficácia de três métodos de aquecimento ativo na prevenção da hipotermia intraoperatória em cirurgias gastroenterológicas por via aberta. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado com amostra de 75 pacientes, com temperatura corpórea inicial mensurada por termômetro timpânico. Considerou-se hipotermia a temperatura esofágica <36ºC. Foram distribuídos em três grupos: colchão térmico, manta de aquecimento de ar forçado Underbody e sistema de infusão aquecida. As temperaturas timpânica e esofágica foram aferidas em diferentes momentos do intraoperatório, mas a temperatura considerada padrão ouro foi a esofágica. Para avaliar a homogeneidade dos grupos, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado (variáveis categóricas). Na comparação das medidas de temperatura ao longo do tempo, a análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de perfil de contraste para a diferença das temperaturas entre os tempos. Para comparação dos três grupos, usou-se o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: em relação às variáveis estudadas, os grupos não foram homogêneos quanto à variável categórica sexo. Todos os pacientes apresentaram hipotermia no período intraoperatório (p > 0,05). Conclusão: não houve diferença significativa entre os métodos de aquecimento na prevenção da hipotermia intraoperatória. REBEC - Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (RBR- nº52shjp).


RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar la eficacia de tres métodos de calentamiento activo en la prevención de la hipotermia intraoperatoria en cirugías gastroenterológicas por vía abierta. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado con muestra de 75 pacientes, con temperatura corpórea inicial, medida por termómetro timpánico. Se consideró hipotermia la temperatura esofágica de <36ºC. Fueron distribuidos en tres grupos: colchón térmico, manta de calentamiento de aire forzado Underbody y sistema de infusión calentada. Las temperaturas timpánica y esofágica fueron medidas en diferentes momentos del intraoperatorio, pero la temperatura considerada estándar oro fue la esofágica. Para evaluar la homogeneidad de los grupos utilizamos el test Chi-cuadrado (variables categóricas). En la comparación de las medidas de temperatura a lo largo del tiempo, el análisis de variancia (ANOVA) y el test de perfil de contraste se usaron para la diferencia de las temperaturas entre los tiempos. Para comparación de los tres grupos se usó el test no-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. El nivel de significancia fue de 5%. Resultados: en relación a las variables estudiadas, los grupos no fueron homogéneos en la variable categórica del sexo. Todos los pacientes presentaron hipotermia en el período intraoperatorio (p > 0,05). Conclusión: no hubo diferencia significativa entre los métodos de calentamiento en la prevención de la hipotermia intraoperatoria. REBEC - Registro Brasilero de Ensayos Clínicos (RBR- nº52shjp).


Subject(s)
Humans , Body Temperature/physiology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Hypothermia/diagnosis , Equipment and Supplies/standards , Perioperative Period/rehabilitation
7.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 17(1): 1-14, ene.-abr. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-991012

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La hipotermia es una complicación que se produce con frecuencia en el posoperatorio de la cirugía laparoscópica. Múltiples factores potencian la disminución de la temperatura corporal por efecto directo del gas. Objetivo: Determinar las variaciones de la temperatura corporal en la intervención colorrectal laparoscópica y su influencia en la hipotermia intraoperatoria. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en pacientes con anestesia general para procedimiento laparoscópico colorrectal electivo con el propósito de identificar la incidencia y variaciones de la temperatura corporal. El estudio se realizó en el hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras entre enero de 2014 y enero de 2017. Resultados: De los 88 pacientes, 78,4 por ciento tenían entre 51 y 60 años. El sexo masculino, los pacientes con sobrepeso y la clasificación ASA II presentaron mayor frecuencia. La temperatura basal media fue de 36,4 oC. Luego de 30 min disminuyó a 35,5 oC, a la hora 35,4 oC, a 90 min 35,1 oC y al finalizar 34,9 oC. Del total, presentaron hipotermia intraoperatoria no intencionada 78,4 por ciento. En ninguno se constató hipotermia severa. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 183,1 min. Se verificaron 49 complicaciones asociadas a hipotermia. Conclusiones: Se identificaron las variaciones de la temperatura corporal en la intervención colorrectal laparoscópica y la tendencia de generar hipotermia durante el procedimiento quirúrgico(AU)


Introduction: Hypothermia is a complication that frequently occurs in the postoperative period of laparoscopic surgery. Multiple factors boost the decrease in body temperature due to the direct effect of gas. Objective: To determine the variations in body temperature in laparoscopic colorectal surgery and its influence on intraoperative hypothermia. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out with patients, using general anesthesia for elective laparoscopic colorectal procedures and with the purpose of identifying the incidence and variations of body temperature. The study was carried out at the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, between January 2014 and January 2017. Results: Among the 88 patients, 78.4 percent were at ages 51-60 years. Male sex, overweight patients and ASA-II classification were more frequent. The average basal temperature was 36.4ºC. After 30 min, it decreased to 35.5ºC; after one hour, to 35.4 ºC; after 90 min, 35.1ºC; and at the end, to 34.9 ºC. From the total, 78.4 percent presented unintentional intraoperative hypothermia. None of them had severe hypothermia. The average surgical time was 183.1 min. There were 49 complications associated with hypothermia. Conclusions: Variations in body temperature were identified in the laparoscopic colorectal intervention, as well as the tendency to generate hypothermia during the surgical procedure(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Colorectal Surgery/adverse effects , Colorectal Surgery/methods , Hypothermia/complications , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies
8.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(10): 796-802, Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-796842

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) causes neural and cutaneous disorders and reduced exercise capacity. Exercise/heat exposure increasing internal temperature must be compensated by eccrine sweat function and warmed skin vasodilation. We suspected NF1 could adversely affect eccrine sweat function and/or vascular thermoregulatory responses (VTR). Methods The eccrine sweat function and VTR of 25 NF1 volunteers (14 males, 11 females; 16–57 years old) were compared with 23 non-NF1 controls matched by sex, age, height and weight (CG). Sweating was induced by 1) pilocarpine 1% iontophoresis (PILO); and 2) by passive heating (HEAT) via the lower third of the legs being immersed in 42°C water for one hour. Previously established eccrine sweat function and VTR protocols were used. Results The NF1 group showed: a) lower sweat rate than the CG group during PILO; b) a smaller diastolic pressure decrease; and c) higher tympanic temperatures than controls during HEAT (p < 0.05). Conclusion Reduced sweating and vascular thermoregulatory responses suggest autonomic dysfunction in NF1 individuals.


RESUMO Objetivo Neurofibromatose do tipo 1 (NF1) causa problemas neurais e cutâneos e diminuição da capacidade física. O aumento da temperatura interna durante exercício e exposição ao calor precisa ser compensada pela função sudorípara écrina (FSE) e aquecimento cutâneo por vasodilatação (RVT). Suspeitou-se clinicamente que a NF1 poderia prejudicar a FSE e a RVT. Métodos A FSE e RVT de 25 voluntários com NF1 (14 homens, 11 mulheres; 16–57 anos) e de 23 sem-NF1, emparelhados por sexo, idade, estatura e peso corporal, foram medidas com protocolos validados anteriormente. A sudorese foi induzida por iontoforese com pilocarpina (PILO) e aquecimento passivo por imersão das pernas em água a 42°C durante uma hora (HEAT). Resultados O grupo NF1 apresentou menor taxa de sudorese na situação PILO, menor redução da pressão diastólica e maior temperatura timpânica na situação HEAT (p < 0.05). Conclusão As respostas sudorípara e vascular reduzidas sugerem disfunção autonômica nas pessoas com NF1.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Sweat/physiology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Neurofibromatosis 1/physiopathology , Reference Values , Skin/physiopathology , Sweating/physiology , Time Factors , Case-Control Studies , Sex Factors , Analysis of Variance , Age Factors , Primary Dysautonomias/physiopathology
9.
Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum ; 18(2): 143-154, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-783908

ABSTRACT

Abstract It’s unclear whether the combination of intense, chronic training and heat exposure during prepubescence improves thermoregulatory responses to exercise in artistic gymnastics athletes. The objective of this study was to compare thermoregulatory and perceptual responses between artistic gymnastics athletes and non-athlete girls while exercising both in heat and thermoneutral conditions. Seven athletes (8.7 ± 1.3 yrs) and 7 nonathletes (9.4 ± 1.5 yrs) cycled for 30 min at load (W) of ~55% VO2peak, on two separate occasions in a randomized order: heat (35˚C, 40% relative humidity) and thermoneutral conditions (24˚C, 50% relative humidity). Rectal temperature, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, thermal comfort and irritability were measured throughout the exercise. Initial rectal temperature was similar between athletes and non-athletes in both heat (37.2 ± 0.4 vs. 37.4 ± 0.2˚C, respectively) and thermoneutral conditions (37.3 ± 0.2 vs. 37.3 ± 0.3˚C). Final rectal temperature was similar between groups (38.0 ± 0.2 vs. 38.2 ± 0.2˚C in heat and 37.8 ± 0.2 vs. 37.9 ± 0.2˚C in thermoneutral conditions). Initial heart rate was lower in athletes in the heat (76 ± 7 vs. 91 ± 11 bpm, P = 0.01); however, throughout cycling, it became similar between groups. Athletes reported similar perceptual responses compared to non-athletes, with the exception of higher thermal comfort in the 10th minute of exercise in thermoneutral conditions (P = 0.003). It was concluded that athletes were similar to non-athletes with respect to thermoregulatory and perceptual responses during 30 min of cycling at similar relative intensities.


Resumo Não está claro se a combinação de treinamento crônico intenso e a exposição ao calor durante a pré-adolescência melhoram as respostas termorregulatórias ao exercício em atletas de ginástica artística (GA). Objetivou-se comparar as respostas termorregulatórias e perceptivas entre atletas de GA e não-atletas durante uma sessão de exercício nas condições de calor (CC) e termoneutra (CT). Sete atletas (8,7 ± 1,3 anos) e 7 não-atletas (9,4 ± 1,5 anos) pedalaram por 30 minutos com carga (W) referente ~55% VO2pico, em CC (35˚C e 40% umidade relativa) e CT (24˚C e 50% umidade relativa). A temperatura retal (Tre), frequência cardíaca (FC), taxa de percepção de esforço, sensação e conforto térmico e irritabilidade foram medidas durante o exercício. Tre inicial foi similar entre atletas e não-atletas em CC (37,2 ± 0,4 vs. 37,4 ± 0.2˚C, respectivamente) e CT (37,3 ± 0,2 vs. 37,3 ± 0.3˚C). Tre final foi similar entre os grupos (38,0 ± 0,2 vs. 38,2 ± 0.2˚C na CC; e 37,8 ± 0,2 vs. 37,9 ± 0.2˚C na CT). FC inicial foi menor nas atletas na CC (76 ± 7 vs. 91 ± 11 bpm, P = 0,01). No entanto, ao longo das pedaladas, foi similar em ambos os grupos. As respostas perceptivas foram similares entre os grupos, com exceção ao maior conforto térmico das atletas aos 10 minutos de pedalada (P= 0,003). As atletas de GA apresentaram respostas termorregulatórias similares as não-atletas durante 30 minutos de pedalada em similar intensidade relativa nas CC e CT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Gymnastics , Physical Exertion , Hot Temperature
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(6): e5183, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-781413

ABSTRACT

Physical exercise triggers coordinated physiological responses to meet the augmented metabolic demand of contracting muscles. To provide adequate responses, the brain must receive sensory information about the physiological status of peripheral tissues and organs, such as changes in osmolality, temperature and pH. Most of the receptors involved in these afferent pathways express ion channels, including transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are usually activated by more than one type of stimulus and are therefore considered polymodal receptors. Among these TRP channels, the TRPV1 channel (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 or capsaicin receptor) has well-documented functions in the modulation of pain sensation and thermoregulatory responses. However, the TRPV1 channel is also expressed in non-neural tissues, suggesting that this channel may perform a broad range of functions. In this review, we first present a brief overview of the available tools for studying the physiological roles of the TRPV1 channel. Then, we present the relationship between the TRPV1 channel and spontaneous locomotor activity, physical performance, and modulation of several physiological responses, including water and electrolyte balance, muscle hypertrophy, and metabolic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and inflammatory responses. Altogether, the data presented herein indicate that the TPRV1 channel modulates many physiological functions other than nociception and thermoregulation. In addition, these data open new possibilities for investigating the role of this channel in the acute effects induced by a single bout of physical exercise and in the chronic effects induced by physical training.


Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise/physiology , Locomotion/physiology , TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism , Athletic Performance/physiology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Capsaicin/metabolism , Time Factors
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(12): 1122-1129, Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762918

ABSTRACT

Individuals with systemic arterial hypertension have a higher risk of heat-related complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the thermoregulatory responses of hypertensive subjects during recovery from moderate-intensity exercise performed in the heat. A total of eight essential hypertensive (H) and eight normotensive (N) male subjects (age=46.5±1.3 and 45.6±1.4 years, body mass index=25.8±0.8 and 25.6±0.6 kg/m2, mean arterial pressure=98.0±2.8 and 86.0±2.3 mmHg, respectively) rested for 30 min, performed 1 h of treadmill exercise at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption, and rested for 1 h after exercise in an environmental chamber at 38°C and 60% relative humidity. Skin and core temperatures were measured to calculate heat exchange parameters. Mean arterial pressure was higher in the hypertensive than in the normotensive subjects throughout the experiment (P<0.05, unpaired t-test). The hypertensive subjects stored less heat (H=-24.23±3.99 W·m−2vs N=-13.63±2.24 W·m−2, P=0.03, unpaired t-test), experienced greater variations in body temperature (H=-0.62±0.05°C vsN=-0.35±0.12°C, P=0.03, unpaired t-test), and had more evaporated sweat (H=-106.1±4.59 W·m−2vs N=-91.15±3.24 W·m−2, P=0.01, unpaired t-test) than the normotensive subjects during the period of recovery from exercise. In conclusion, essential hypertensive subjects showed greater sweat evaporation and increased heat dissipation and body cooling relative to normotensive subjects during recovery from moderate-intensity exercise performed in hot conditions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Environment , Exercise/physiology , Hot Temperature , Hypertension/physiopathology , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Heart Rate , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Running/physiology , Sweat/physiology
12.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 18(4): 237-240, out-dez. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-812

ABSTRACT

A espécie Tetragonisca weyrauchi é capaz de manter a temperatura interna do ninho em homeostase, variando entre 29 e 35 °C, embora ainda não se conheçam os mecanismos usados por esse grupo de insetos para manter o controle da temperatura interna da colônia.O controle termorregulatório no interior da colônia pode ser importante para incubação da cria e para sobrevivência da colmeia, em temperaturas extremas. Para o monitoramento das temperaturas utilizou-se Data Logger (modelo HOBO U12 ­ 012 com exatidão de ±0,35 °C e sensor para medição interna). A temperatura interna foi obtida com sensor Data Logger, introduzido na região dos favos de cria, por meio de um furo na lateral do ninho; já a temperatura externa foi obtida com Data Logger, mantido a 10cm da colmeia. Para verificar a existência do controle termorregulatório da colônia, a temperatura externa foi comparada com a temperatura interna, utilizando-se a correlação de Pearson (R2= 0,514; n= 1159; p<0,05) para determinar os parâmetros de correlação entre as variáveis.O presente estudo demonstrou que existe controle termorregulatório no interior do ninho de T. weyrauchi, que apresentou pouca variação em relação à temperatura externa, ficando em 5,7 °C entre a temperatura mínima e a máxima, no decorrer da investigação.


The Tetragonisca weyrauchi species is able to maintain the internal temperature of the nest in homeostasis, ranging between 29 and 35 °C, although it is not known yet the mechanisms used by this group of insects to maintain control of the internal temperature of the colony. The thermoregulatory control within the colony may be important for establishing incubation and hive survival in extreme temperatures. For monitoring temperatures was used Data Logger (model HOBO U12 - 012 with accuracy of ± 0.35 °C and sensor for internal measurement). The internal temperature was obtained with the sensor (Data Logger) introduced in the region of the combs through a hole beside the nest, also the external temperature was obtained with data logger held 10cm from the hive. To check the existence of thermoregulatory control of the colony, the external temperature was compared with the internal temperature using thePearson correlation(R2= 0,514; n= 1159; p<0,05) to determine the parameters of correlation between the variables. This study .demonstrated that there is thermoregulatory control inside the nest T. weyrauchi that showed a little change from the outside temperature, remaining at 5.7 ° C between the minimum and the maximum temperature during the investigation.


La especie Tetragonisca weyrauchi es capaz de mantener la temperatura interna del nido en homeostasis, que oscilan entre 29 y 35 °C, aunque todavía no conocemos los mecanismos utilizados por ese grupo de insectos para mantener el control de la temperatura interior de la colonia. El control termorregulador dentro de la colonia puede ser importante para eclosión de la cría y para supervivencia de la colmena, en temperaturas extremas. Para el control de las temperaturas se ha utilizado Data Logger (modelo HOBO U12 - 012 con precisión de ±0,35 °C y sensor para medición interna). La temperatura interna se obtuvo con el sensor Data Logger introducido en la región de los panales de cría, a través de un agujero en la lateral del nido; ya la temperatura externa ha sido obtenida con Data Logger, mantenido a 10cm de distancia de la colmena. Para comprobar la existencia del control termorregulador de la colonia, la temperatura externa ha sido comparada con la temperatura interna, utilizándose la correlación de Pearson (R2= 0,514; n= 1159; p<0,05) para determinar los parámetros de correlación entre las variables. El presente estudio ha demostrado que existe control termorregulador en el interior del nido de T. weyrauchi, que mostró poca variación en relación a la temperatura externa, quedando en 5,7 °C entre la temperatura mínima y la máxima, en el curso de la investigación.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees/anatomy & histology , Bees/growth & development , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology
13.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(8): 679-688, 08/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716278

ABSTRACT

There is evidence that brain temperature (Tbrain) provides a more sensitive index than other core body temperatures in determining physical performance. However, no study has addressed whether the association between performance and increases in Tbrain in a temperate environment is dependent upon exercise intensity, and this was the primary aim of the present study. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to constant exercise at three different speeds (18, 21, and 24 m/min) until the onset of volitional fatigue. Tbrain was continuously measured by a thermistor inserted through a brain guide cannula. Exercise induced a speed-dependent increase in Tbrain, with the fastest speed associated with a higher rate of Tbrain increase. Rats subjected to constant exercise had similar Tbrain values at the time of fatigue, although a pronounced individual variability was observed (38.7-41.7°C). There were negative correlations between the rate of Tbrain increase and performance for all speeds that were studied. These results indicate that performance during constant exercise is negatively associated with the increase in Tbrain, particularly with its rate of increase. We then investigated how an incremental-speed protocol affected the association between the increase in Tbrain and performance. At volitional fatigue, Tbrain was lower during incremental exercise compared with the Tbrain resulting from constant exercise (39.3±0.3 vs 40.3±0.1°C; P<0.05), and no association between the rate of Tbrain increase and performance was observed. These findings suggest that the influence of Tbrain on performance under temperate conditions is dependent on exercise protocol.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Body Temperature/physiology , Brain/physiology , Environment, Controlled , Fatigue/physiopathology , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Physical Exertion/physiology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Brain/anatomy & histology , Exercise Test , Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods , Rats, Wistar , Statistics as Topic , Volition/physiology
14.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 34(7): 709-715, jul. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-720449

ABSTRACT

Foram utilizados 42 ovinos sem raça definida, divididos segundo a configuração escrotal. Destes animais, 12 foram utilizados na investigação da biometria testicular e histologia da pele escrotal. Os demais foram destinados ao estudo do funículo espermático. Os animais foram agrupados em um grupo de 21 animais sem bipartição escrotal (GEI) e 21 com bipartição escrotal, (GEII), esta não atingindo 50% do comprimento do eixo longitudinal do escroto. Em cada grupo, em 6 animais foram coletados fragmentos da pele do escroto e em 5 do funículo espermáticos, e processados em rotina histológica e analisados em microscopia de luz; e em 10 foram injetados látex na artéria testicular para obtenção de moldes vasculares e obtenção do comprimento da artéria. Quando comparados os grupos GEI e GEII, não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas (p<0,05) entre a espessura do escroto (epiderme e derme), constituição histológica da pele escrotal, número de glândulas sudoríparas por área, comprimento do funículo espermático ou parâmetros biométricos testiculares. Entretanto, o comprimento total das artérias testiculares do GEI foi maior do que o GEII (p<0,05). Concluiu-se, com base nos parâmetros morfológicos analisados, que a bipartição escrotal em ovinos não influenciou na estrutura da pele, funículo ou biometria testicular quando comparado aos animais que não apresentavam esta característica. Outros estudos merecem atenção para desmistificar o porquê do aparecimento dessa característica em ovinos e se esta característica é ou não desejável para melhoria na produção desses animais em regiões de clima quente.


Forty-two crossbred rams were used, divided according to their scrotal configuration. Twelve of these animals were used to investigate the testicular biometry and scrotal skin histology. The other animals were used to study the spermatic cord. The animals were placed in a group of 21 animals without scrotal bipartition (GEI) and another with scrotal bipartition (GEII) which did not reach 50% of the length of the scrotum's longitudinal axis. In each group, scrotal skin fragments from six rams and spermatic cord fragments from 5 others were collected, processed by routine histological tests and analyzed with a microscope. In 10 rams latex was injected into the testicular artery to obtain vascular molds and the artery length. Comparison of groups GEI and GEII showed no significant statistical differences (p<0.05) between scrotal thickness (epidermis and dermis), histological constituency of the scrotal skin, number of sudoriferous glands per area, scrotal bipartition length or testicular biometric parameters. However, the total length of the testicular arteries of GEI was greater than of GEII (p<0.05). It was concluded from the morphological parameters analyzed that scrotal bipartition in rams did not influence the skin structure, scrotal bipartition or testicular biometry when compared with animals that did not present this characteristic. Further studies should be carried out to elucidate the appearance of this characteristic in rams and whether it is desirable or not for improved production of these animals in warm climate regions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Spermatic Cord/anatomy & histology , Scrotum/anatomy & histology , Sheep/anatomy & histology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology , Testis/anatomy & histology
15.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(4): 249-253, abr. 2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670882

ABSTRACT

In mammalian, several evidences suggest that central serotonin participates in thermoregulation. Nucleus raphe obscurus (NRO), a serotonergic nucleus, has been recognized to be the source of generation of various hemodynamic patterns in different behavioral conditions, but its involvement in thermoregulation is unclear. In the present study, extracellular action potentials of NRO neurons were recorded in anesthetized rats, which were submitted to cold and warm stimuli in the tail. The firing rate of the neurons was compared before and after each stimulation. It was found that 59% of the neurons submitted to a cold stimulus trial had a significant increase in their firing frequency, while 48% of the neurons submitted to warm stimulation trial were inhibited. The opposite responses in neuronal activity of NRO units to cooling or heating suggest that these cells are involved in producing the homoeothermic vascular adaptations secondary to changes in cutaneous temperature in the rat tail.


A termorregulação em mamíferos envolve a participação da serotonina. O núcleo obscuro da rafe (NRO), que é serotoninérgico, participa do controle autonômico, mas seu envolvimento na termorregulação é incerto. Neste estudo, registramos potenciais de ação extracelulares de neurônios do NRO em ratos anestesiados nos quais a cauda foi submetida a estímulos de calor ou frio. A frequência de disparo dos neurônios foi comparada antes e depois dos estímulos. O grupo controle não apresentou modificação da frequência de disparo, enquanto que 59% dos neurônios registrados em animais submetidos a estímulo de frio tiveram sua frequência aumentada. Por outro lado, 48% dos animais submetidos a estímulo de calor tiveram sua frequência de disparo diminuída. As respostas opostas da frequência de disparo em neurônios de animais submetidos à estimulação com frio e calor sugere que estes neurônios estejam envolvidos na geração de respostas hemodinâmicas, que são coerentes com a termorregulação nesta espécie.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Cold Temperature , Neurons/physiology , Raphe Nuclei/physiology , Neural Pathways , Neural Conduction/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Raphe Nuclei/cytology
16.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 31(1): 104-110, mar. 2013. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-671666

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Revisar as possíveis peculiaridades nos mecanismos biológicos referentes às respostas termorregulatórias e sudorípara específicas no exercício realizado por crianças em ambiente de calor. FONTES DE DADOS: Foi feita uma revisão de 47 artigos publicados entre 1960 e 2011 nas bases de dados eletrônicos MedLine e SciELO Brasil, com a utilização dos seguintes descritores: 'crianças', 'calor', 'sudorese', 'termorregulação', 'glândula sudorípara' e 'exercício', sendo usados isoladamente ou em combinação, além de uma tese de doutorado sobre o assunto. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Em pré-púberes, a taxa de sudorese durante o esforço é menor em comparação aos adultos. Crianças possuem características termorregulatórias diferenciadas, apresentando um débito de suor por glândula muito menor. A maior razão entre área de superfície e massa corporal faz com que crianças absorvam mais calor durante o exercício sob estresse térmico, elevando o risco de apresentarem sintomas de hipertermia. O maior fluxo sanguíneo para a pele contribui com um melhor controle da homeostase térmica de crianças. O menor tamanho da glândula, a menor sensibilidade colinérgica, os níveis baixos de catecolaminas circulantes durante o esforço e a falta de hormônio androgênico explicam a ocorrência da baixa eliminação de suor no exercício realizado por crianças. CONCLUSÕES: Crianças exibem glândulas sudoríparas imaturas. Assim, a prática de atividade física combinada a altas temperaturas não é bem tolerada havendo maior vulnerabilidade às lesões térmicas. No calor, deve-se ter um controle rigoroso da ingestão de líquidos e um monitoramento atencioso das condições climáticas para maior segurança na prática de exercícios.


OBJECTIVE: To review possible peculiarities in biological mechanisms related to responses of thermoregulatory and specific sweat glands in exercise performed by children in hot environments. DATA SOURCES: Review of 47 articles published between 1960 and 2011 in the electronic databases MedLine and SciELO Brazil using the following key-words: 'children', 'heat', 'sweating', 'thermoregulation', 'sweat gland', and 'exercise', alone or in combination, in addition to a doctoral thesis about the subject. DATA SYNTHESIS: Pre-pubertal sweat rate during exercise is lower than among adults. Children have different thermoregulatory characteristics, with a small sweat output rate due to small sweat glands. High ratio between surface and body mass increases the absorption of heat during exercise under thermal stress in children, raising the risk of hyperthermia symptoms. However, great blood flow to skin contributes to the better control of thermal homeostasis in children. Small size of the gland, low cholinergic sensibility, low levels of circulating catecholamines during stress, and lack of androgenic hormone explain the occurrence of low elimination of sweat in exercises performed by children. CONCLUSIONS: Children present immature sweat glands. Thus, physical activity combined with high temperatures is not well-tolerated by children and youngsters, with great vulnerability to thermal injury. In the heat, strict control of fluid intake and attentive monitoring of weather conditions should have especial attention for the safe practice of exercises.


OBJETIVO: Revisar las posibles peculiaridades en los mecanismos biológicos referentes a las respuestas termorreguladoras y sudorípara específicas en el ejercicio realizado por niños en ambiente de calor. FUENTES DE DATOS: Se realizó una revisión de 47 artículos publicados entre 1960 y 2011 en las bases de datos electrónicas MedLine y SciELO Brasil, con el uso de los siguientes descriptores: "niños", "calor", "sudoración", "termorregulación", "glándula sudorípara" y "ejercicio", siendo usados aisladamente o en combinación, además de una tesis doctoral sobre el tema. SÍNTESIS DE LOS DATOS: En pre-púberes, la tasa de sudoración durante el esfuerzo es menor en comparación a los adultos. Niños poseen características termorreguladoras diferenciadas, presentando un débito de sudor por glándula mucho menor. La mayor razón entre área de superficie y masa corporal hace que los niños absorban más calor durante el ejercicio bajo estrés térmico, elevando el riesgo de presentar síntomas de hipertermia. El mayor flujo de sangre para la piel contribuye con un mejor control de la homeostasis térmica de niños. El menor tamaño de la glándula, la menor sensibilidad colinérgica, los niveles bajos de catecolaminas circulantes durante el esfuerzo y la falta de hormona androgénica explican la ocurrencia de la baja eliminación de sudor en el ejercicio realizado por niños. CONCLUSIONES: Niños exhiben glándulas sudoríparas inmaturas. Así, la práctica de actividad física combinada a altas temperaturas no es bien tolerada por el público infantojuvenil, que presenta mayor vulnerabilidad a las lesiones térmicas. En el calor, se debe tener un control riguroso de la ingestión de líquidos y una monitoración atenta de las condiciones climáticas para mayor seguridad en la práctica de ejercicios.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Hot Temperature , Sweat Glands/physiology , Homeostasis
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 70(5): 352-356, May 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622575

ABSTRACT

Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism are frequently impaired in a wide range of neurological diseases, including traumatic brain injury and stroke, with several pathophysiological mechanisms of injury. The resultant uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and metabolism can trigger secondary brain lesions, particularly in early phases, consequently worsening the patient's outcome. Cerebral blood flow regulation is influenced by blood gas content, blood viscosity, body temperature, cardiac output, altitude, cerebrovascular autoregulation, and neurovascular coupling, mediated by chemical agents such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), eicosanoid products, oxygen-derived free radicals, endothelins, K+, H+, and adenosine. A better understanding of these factors is valuable for the management of neurocritical care patients. The assessment of both cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in the acute phase of neurocritical care conditions may contribute to a more effective planning of therapeutic strategies for reducing secondary brain lesions. In this review, the authors have discussed concepts of cerebral hemodynamics, considering aspects of clinical importance.


Alterações hemodinâmicas e metabólicas do encéfalo ocorrem frequentemente em diversas doenças neurológicas, principalmente em condições de traumatismo cranioencefálico e acidente vascular encefálico, com vários mecanismos patofisiológicos lesionais. O desacoplamento resultante do fluxo sanguíneo e do metabolismo encefálico pode resultar em lesões encefálicas secundárias, principalmente nas primeiras fases, e, consequentemente, no agravamento do desfecho neurológico dos pacientes. Diversos fatores influenciam o fluxo sanguíneo encefálico, entre eles, a concentração sanguínea de gases, viscosidade sanguínea, temperatura corpórea, débito cardíaco, altitude, autorregulação cerebrovascular e acoplamento neurovascular, que é mediado por óxido nítrico (ON), monóxido de carbono (CO), eicosanoides, radicais livres derivados do oxigênio, endotelinas, potássio, íons hidrogênio e adenosinas. Melhor compreensão destes fatores é fundamental para o manejo clínico dos pacientes neurológicos críticos. A avaliação hemodinâmica e metabólica do encéfalo nas lesões encefálicas agudas pode contribuir para o planejamento de estratégias de redução das lesões encefálicas secundárias. Nesta revisão, os autores discutiram princípios da hemodinâmica encefálica, considerando os aspectos de importância clínica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Injuries/physiopathology , Brain/metabolism , Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology , Acute Disease , Altitude , Blood Viscosity/physiology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Brain Injuries/metabolism , Brain/physiology , Cardiac Output/physiology , Cerebrovascular Disorders/metabolism , Hemodynamics/physiology , Homeostasis/physiology
18.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(1): 347-353, mar. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638070

ABSTRACT

The regulation of body temperature in ectotherms has a major impact in their physiological and behavioral processes. Observing changes in thermal parameters related with reproduction allows us to better understand how Rhinella arenarum optimizes a thermal resource. The aim of this study was to compare the thermal parameters of this species between breeding and non-breeding periods. In the field, we recorded the body temperature from captured animals, the air temperature, and the temperature of the substrate. In the laboratory, we measured the temperature R. arenarum selected on a thermal gradient and the critical extreme temperatures. The results of our study show variations in thermal parameters between the two situations studied. This species makes efficient use of thermal resources during the breeding period by basking to significantly increase body temperature. Because calling is energetically costly for males, this behavior results in increased efficiency to callers during the breeding period. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1): 347-353. Epub 2011 March 01.


La regulación de la temperatura en ectotérmos tiene gran importancia en los procesos fisiológicos y comportamentales. Los cambios en los parámetros térmicos relacionados con la reproducción nos permiten entender de qué manera Rhinella arenarum optimiza el recurso térmico. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar los parámetros térmicos de la especie entre el periodo reproductivo y no reproductivo. En el campo se registraron la temperatura corporal de los animales capturados, la temperatura del aire y del sustrato. Además, en laboratorio se registro la temperatura selecta en un gradiente térmico. Como así también las temperaturas criticas máxima y mínima. Los resultados de nuestro estudio muestran variaciones de los parámetros térmicos entre ambas situaciones estudiadas. Aparentemente esta especie hace un uso eficiente del recurso térmico durante el periodo reproductivo ya que el basking le permite aumentar considerablemente la temperatura corporal, probablemente este comportamiento esté relacionado con el aumento de la eficacia para emitir el canto durante el periodo de reproducción ya que el mismo es energéticamente costoso para los machos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Bufo arenarum/physiology , Reproduction/physiology
19.
Clinics ; 66(7): 1187-1191, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-596906

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on shivering during spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, aged 18-50 years), scheduled for elective minor surgical operations under spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine, were enrolled. They were administered saline (group C, n = 30) or dexmedetomidine (group D, n = 30). Motor block was assessed using a Modified Bromage Scale. The presence of shivering was assessed by a blinded observer after the completion of subarachnoid drug injection. RESULTS: Hypothermia was observed in 21 patients (70 percent) in group D and in 20 patients (66.7 percent) in group C (p = 0.781). Three patients (10 percent) in group D and 17 patients (56.7 percent) in group C experienced shivering (p = 0.001). The intensity of shivering was lower in group D than in group C (p = 0.001). Time from baseline to onset of shivering was 10 (5-15) min in group D and 15 (5-45) min in group C (p = 0.207). CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine infusion in the perioperative period significantly reduced shivering associated with spinal anesthesia during minor surgical procedures without any major adverse effect during the perioperative period. Therefore, we conclude that dexmedetomidine infusion is an effective drug for preventing shivering and providing sedation in patients during spinal anesthesia.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , /therapeutic use , Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects , Dexmedetomidine/therapeutic use , Shivering/drug effects , Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Body Temperature/drug effects , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Double-Blind Method , Heart Rate/drug effects , Postoperative Period , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
20.
Botucatu; s.n; 2011. 212 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-678029

ABSTRACT

Introdução e objetivo: O obeso tem menor incidência de hipotermia intraoperatória em relação ao não obeso por apresentar limiar de vasoconstrição termorregulatória mais elevado. A combinação de métodos de aquecimento no intraoperatório parece ser melhor do que o uso isolado na prevenção de hipotermia. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar se a combinação de permutador de calor e umidade (PCU) no circuito inspiratório com ar forçado aquecido ou aquecimento das soluções parenterais previne a ocorrência de hipotermia no período intraoperatório em obesas (OB) e não obesas (NOB) submetidas à anestesia venosa total. Pacientes e Método: Quarenta pacientes submetidas à cirurgia abdominal ginecológica foram anestesiadas com propofol e remifentanil em infusão alvocontrolada. Todas as pacientes tinham um PCU acoplado no circuito inspiratório. As pacientes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos de acordo com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e com o manejo termal. Em 10 obesas (IMC de 30 a 34,9 kg.m-2) e 10 não obesas (IMC de 18,5 a 24,9 kg.m-2), utilizou-se ar forçado aquecido nos membros inferiores (WB). Dez obesas e 10 não obesas receberam aquecimento das soluções infundidas (HF). A temperatura central foi registrada nos momentos controle (0) e 15, 30, 60 90 e 120 minutos após instalação do circuito respiratório, e no final da cirurgia. Na Sala de Recuperação Pós-Anestésica (SRPA), a temperatura central das pacientes foi registrada durante o período de 1 hora. O IMC e a temperatura central foram correlacionados nos grupos que receberam o mesmo tratamento termal da hipotermia...


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obese individuals show less intraoperative (IOP) hypothermia than non-obese ones due to higher vasoconstriction threshold. A combination of warming methods may be better than an isolated one in preventing IOP hypothermia. Our aim was to evaluate whether the combination of a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) on inhaled gas with IOP forced air warming blanket (WB) or warming intravenous (IV) fluids (HF) prevents IOP hypothermia in obese (OB) and non-obese (NOB) women under intravenous anesthesia. METHODS: Forty patients scheduled for gynecological abdominal surgery were anesthetized with propofol and remifentanil in a target controlled infusion. All patients had a HME on the inhaled gas. Patients were randomly distributed into 4 groups according to body mass index (BMI) and IOP thermal management. Ten OB grade I (BMI between 30 and 34.9 kg.m-2) and 10 NOB (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg.m-2) had WB on the lower limbs. Ten OB and 10 NOB patients received IV HF. Core temperatures were recorded at baseline, after 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes of ventilatory system installation, and at the end of surgery. Core temperature was also followed for 60 minutes in the Post Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU). Core temperature and BMI were correlated in the groups with the same hypothermia treatment method...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Anesthesia , Hypothermia/prevention & control , Obesity , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology
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